ABSTRACT
Aim: It has been hypothesized that chondrotoxicity, the main side effect of enrofloxacin use, may be derived from oxidative stress, and this side effect can be confirmed by measuring malondialdehyde and endogen antioxidants following drug application. The primary aim of this research is to determine the effect of enrofloxacin on the joint fluid and blood oxidative status parameters, and it is also to determine the effect on the organ damage parameters. Materials and Methods: In the study, 10 rams received enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg/day, SC) for 14 days. Blood and joint fluids were taken on day 0 (Control) before drug application and 1.5 hours after the last drug application. Plasma and joint fluid malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels were determined by an ELISA reader. Cardiac (CK-MB mass, troponin I), liver (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total protein, albumin) and kidney (Creatinine, BUN) damage markers and hemogram (WBC, RBC, platelet, hematocrit, haemoglobin) values were measured. Results: Enrofloxacin decreased the joint fluid catalase level (P<0.05), while there was no effect observed in the other oxidative status parameters of joint fluid or blood samples. Statistically significant changes (P<0.05) were found in some hemogram and biochemical parameters within the reference range. However, enrofloxacin increased (P<0.05) the levels of cardiac damage markers (CK-MB mass, troponin I). Conclusion: It may be stated that enrofloxacin does not cause oxidative stress in the joint fluid and blood in rams, and it is generally accepted to be safe when the effect on the organ/system is considered, but the long-term use and high doses require caution in terms of possible heart related damage.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To evaluate the effect of Nerium oleander distillate on the high cholesterol diet(HCD) induced oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage via assessing blood 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels. Methodolody: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into three groups. The first group (control group) was fed a normal diet and administered 0.5 ml distilled water via gavage for 90 days. The second and third groups were fed with HCD. The second group was administered 0.5 ml distilled water and the third group was administered 0.5 ml Nerium oleander distillate(0.375 mg/rat) via gavage for 90 days, after being fed the HCD for two weeks. Blood samples were collected, and 8-OHdG and SOD levels were measured. Results: 8-OHdG levels were statistically significantly different in all groups. Highest 8-OHdG levels were determined in the second group whereas Nerium oleander treatment reduced the level of 8-OHdG. In addition, decreased SOD levels were detected in the rats fed with HCD(Groups 2 and 3) when compared to the control group. Conclusion: It may be stated that HCD may cause oxidative damage in deoxyribonucleic acid and Nerium oleander distillate may reduce this damage. Hence, Nerium oleander distillate may show beneficial effects in the treatments of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome. In the future, it should investigate the effect of Nerium oleander distillate on different antioxidant pathways.